5 frames with Ilford XP2 film

By Jeffery Luhn

Ilford XP2 is a black and white film emulsion designed to be processed in C-41 color chemistry. The box speed is 400, but many people shoot it at higher speeds with good results. XP2 is known for fine grain, sharpness, and long scale.

I did a test roll when the earlier emulsion, XP1, first came out about 30 years ago and was impressed with the fine grain and sharpness, but I never shot with it again. A couple weeks ago I decided to use the newer XP2 emulsion. Why did I revisit it? I wanted to see how it did with my TLR Rolleicord and a recently acquired Nikon F3, so I shot a roll of each format. One take away was that the fine grain I remember from my first roll of XP1 35mm was not repeated. Why would my first roll, that was processed in a 1-hour lab, be much better than a recent roll processed in a high end modern lab? I really don’t know. Perhaps overexposure contributes to more grain, or maybe the most recent lab is using a non-Kodak C-41 chemistry? I’d like to hear if others have had similar inconsistent results. Here are the shots.

Jacob, leader of Riders for Christ. 35mm XP2  Nikon F3 with 24mm lens

Above: Jacob, the leader of the Riders for Christ Motorcycle club from the Central Valley of California. They were having a ‘Prayer In’ at White Pines Lake in Arnold, California. Jacob looks threatening, but I got the feeling it’s all for show. I counted 341 riders at this meeting and there were no fights, no drinking, and no cursing. They just had a 1-hour prayer meeting and rode off. I would have gotten more shots, but I had my dog on a leash and she was going to burn her nose on a hot tail pipe if I didn’t keep her close.

This next shot is of a friend, John Harding. He’s watching the motorcycles ride up the highway. He owns a Harley and was impressed by the nice bikes.

John Harding watching motorcycles. 35mm XP2. Nikon F3. 50mm lens

Later in the day I visited an area next to the campus of Columbia College where I teach. All the exposed rock formations were once underground, but during the gold rush of 1849, miners used high pressure water hoses to strip away the soil and recover gold. The land was never the same because very little top soil remains to support trees. This area is called the Labyrinth and is easy to get lost in. Over the years, several people have died in here from falls, murders, and starvation. It covers thousands of acres and is home to coyotes, snakes and mountain lions. During rainstorms it is dangerous to be in the Labyrinth because of flash flooding.

Deep in the Labyrinth. XP2  taken with a Nikon F3 with 20mm Nikkor lens

I would never enter the Labyrinth without a guide. On this day I was accompanied by Weston, one of my students. He’s in the process of mapping out the Labyrinth, which has never been done.

Weston in the Labyrinth. Shot with TLR Rolleicord with a yellow/green filter.

I liked this rock outcropping. I doubt I could find this spot on my own. I’m not even going to try. This was shot with XP2. Twin lens Rolleicord.

Outcrop deep in the Labyrinth

Conclusions: My results from XP2 35mm on this day were about as grainy as HP5 processed in HC110. I didn’t see any advantage to using it over HP5, considering the cost of lab processing and scanning. No reason to become emulsional about it. If you’re prepared to do C-41 processing yourself, it’s worth exploring. My results from the 120 size XP2 were more like what I’d expect from Ilford FP 4. Very fine grain and long scale.

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About The Author

By Jeffery Luhn
I started as 'pro' photographer at 17 when I was hired to photograph 'The Hippie Invasion of Europe' by United Press International in 1969. It was a great assignment, from what I remember! Photography and video production has been my career. Teaching photography has been my sideline from 1980, but is now my main job. I love film. I also publish novels on Amazon.
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Comments

Art Meripol on 5 frames with Ilford XP2 film

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Really nice post. Quickly sets up the question and answers it nicely. . . and with some very nice images. Recently got my F3 ready to go so I need to get out with it.
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Jeffery Luhn replied:

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Thanks, Art. The Nikon F3 is my favorite 35 SLR body. I was lucky to get one in mint condition recently. I look forward to seeing what you shoot with yours.

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Stephen Fretz on 5 frames with Ilford XP2 film

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

My experiences with XP2 were more positive, but using it begs the question: why not shoot color film and convert it to BW in Lightroom? No need to use color filters to darken skies - just slide the blue slider to the left.
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Hamish Gill replied:

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

THis would come down to intent I think. It's the same reason people shoot b&w digital cameras.

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Jeffery Luhn replied:

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Hi Stephen, Thanks for your comments. My reason for shooting only B&W film and not color is because I do printing. Although I often scan my negatives if I want to post images or do some digital editing, I'm happy to return to the wet processes for B&W in my old age. I know there are papers for printing color negatives, but they require totally dark conditions. Since I teach a B&W film class, the old school approach is best. I'm not dismissing color, but I use digital cameras for that.

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Hamish Gill on 5 frames with Ilford XP2 film

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

I used to shoot a lot of XP2 - it is possibly my favourite black and white film. Because it is dye based, the grain doesn't impact highlights as much. As a result, skies etc can be rendered smoother.
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Jeffery Luhn replied:

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Hamish, Thanks for your comments. I'm going to try XP2 35mm again, but send it to another lab. If I manage to get better results, I may try doing C-41 in the school darkroom. It seems to be pretty reasonable per roll. I was very happy with the skies and skin rendering with the 120 XP2. Do you process you XP2 yourself?

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Alexander K on 5 frames with Ilford XP2 film

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Hey Jeff, thanks for the interesting and somewhat surprising post. I'm way too young to use the XP1 but had better experience with the current XP2 Super (definitely finer grain than HP5 Plus). IMO the film starts to shine at EI 200 and while traveling if you (1) prefer to not risk undeveloped film getting incinerated in airport scanners, or (2) expect to shoot in vastly different conditions on the same roll. Also AFAIK you can process it conventionally. Otherwise Delta series would probably be a better fit.
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Jeffery Luhn replied:

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Alexander, Thanks for your response. I'll take another run at 35mm XP2. I think the lab did a poor job with it. I have some Delta film, but haven't shot it yet.

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Doug Anderson on 5 frames with Ilford XP2 film

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

The differences between the 1-hour and high-end lab results may be related, at least in part, to differences in scanning. The old 1-hour lab scanners did a lot of post scan noise reduction and sharpening to produce the most pleasing results with negatives from inexpensive cameras. A modern high-end lab is less likely to do so much post processing, resulting in seeing more of what is actually in the negatives. One way to check this would be to re-scan both the XP1 and XP2 negatives using the same scanner and compare the results.

And just a minor point: there is no actual grain, i.e., silver, in C-41 negatives. All of the silver is removed by the processing leaving behind the dye clouds that form the image.
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Jeffery Luhn replied:

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Hi Doug, Thanks for your comments. I currently do my own 'scanning' with Sony A6000 with a Nikkor 55mm macro lens. I did a comparison with the old XP1 and new XP2 35mm negatives and the old ones were superior. I think the lab I used did a poor job with the 35mm XP2. The 120 size XP2 was fine. I still have a few rolls of 35mm XP2 and I think it's worth taking another run at it. I was hoping that I could start doing C-41 at school, because it can be pretty reasonable. BTW: Thanks for reminding me that XP2 doesn't have silver grain. Is there a term for the cloud artifacts?

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Richard Becker on 5 frames with Ilford XP2 film

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Jeffery

Back in the mid-90's I did a series of adult education photography courses at least in part in order to learn developing and printing. We had access to bulk loading HP5 and a darkroom. I don't recall ever getting a negative from the HP5 that produced a print that I was pleased with. So I used XP2 (and Kodak T400CN) instead which I could drop off in one of the many mini-labs around, and usually got negatives which I could print successfully.

Now I develop all my black and white films and print digitally. But I still have a phobia about HP5 and have never used it since, nor have I used XP2, though only because of the demise of high street labs makes it unviable.

With hindsight my problems with HP5 were due to developing, which we did with something that came in a 1 gallon bottle labelled 'developer'. I don't think I ever knew what it was, and I have long since lost my notes which may have held a clue.

Richard
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Jeffery Luhn replied:

Comment posted: 10/01/2025

Richard, I too, had poor results with small format HP5 and Tri-X. I usually used Plus-X or Panatomic-X. In 1998 I effectively stopped doing B&W professionally in favor of transparency films because clients no longer asked for B&W. I had used ISO 400 film for 120 and 4x5, but never shot 35mm B&W professionally. It just seemed substandard to me. By 2002 I was using digital. In 2020, when I was pretty much retired from shooting commercially and had access to the school darkroom, I returned to B&W with delight. The school was using 35mm HP5+ exclusively with D-76 and I found it to be better than I remembered. When I took over the B&W film class, I switched over to HC-110 dilution B for general purposes and Rodinal for pushing. I was pleasantly surprised by the results. Perhaps HP5+ has improved? I'm quite happy with FP4 too. I think my recent experience with 35mm XP2 was faulted by the lab I used. The 120 version looked great, but not the 35mm. I'll try it again. Needless to say, my perception of acceptable quality has changed over the years. I no longer insist on the creamy grainless results my clients expected. One thing is for sure: Doing photography for pleasure and not work is WAY MORE FUN!!! Especially with circa 1950-1960 folding cameras. I'm in film heaven!

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