5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

By Stuart Jenkins

For a while I’d been looking for a nice 35mm camera that would shoot square 24x24mm frames. It’s a format that appeals to me, because you never have to turn the camera on its side, and the images look good on mobile (read: Instagram) because they’re always the same height on the screen.

Cheaper options include the Diana Mini, Agfa Iso-Rapid, and Certo. They didn’t appeal. Those with a bigger budget can try the Robot, Elop, and Zeiss Ikon Tenax II. There’s not a lot of options in the middle. The Minolta 24 Rapid looks okay, but it’s not hugely inspiring.

Eventually my research led me to the Zeiss Ikon Tenax I. It has a Compur shutter, a unit-focusing Zeiss Novar 35mm f3.5 lens, and a folding viewfinder. The standout feature is the ‘rapid wind’ lever on the front. Pristine examples are getting towards Robot prices, but it’s possible to get one in need of TLC for a more reasonable cost. After monitoring eBay, I picked this one up in ‘Not working’ condition for less than thirty quid. The serial number indicated it was made in the factory in Dresden in 1938.

The wind lever wouldn’t move, and it has an interlock that prevented the shutter from firing. Opening the top cover revealed the reason. At some point in the past, the ratchet-toothed gear for the frame counter had seized into its central bush. A gorilla-like effort on the wind lever by a previous owner had then caused the entire frame counter mount casting to break up. The pieces had fallen into the counter drive gears, jamming the whole mechanism.

I wouldn’t call it an easy fix, but I was able to fabricate a new mount bracket and bush, and reassemble the frame counter in working condition. The shutter needed a service, and a check of the speeds afterwards showed they were accurate to within half a stop. All hail the 960fps slow-mo video capability of my Samsung phone, as an excellent tool for shutter calibration checks. The 3-element Novar lens responded nicely to being disassembled for a good clean. I’d recently got some tasteful dark blue thin leather, and used that to re-cover the camera.

Initial tests with a fogged-out ‘test’ film showed that it would wind OK for about half a dozen frames, and then winding would gradually become extremely stiff. It took me a while to work out that it was caused by the film cassette slipping downwards, so the film would get trapped between the lower guide and the pressure plate. I can only assume that a standard 135 cassette is shorter than the reloadable 35mm cassettes manufactured by Zeiss Ikon for their cameras. I solved the problem with a 3D-printed cylindrical spacer on the base plate, to make the cassette sit higher.

24x24 square frame, and the cylindrical spacer I added to the baseplate.
24×24 square frame, and the cylindrical spacer I added to the baseplate.

For the first ‘live’ film through the camera for many years, I chose Ilford XP2 Super. I’d been wanting to try it since seeing the excellent talk given at Analogue Spotlight 2023 by Michelle Parr from Ilford’s marketing team. The box speed is ISO 400, but I decided to pull it back a stop to 200 in the hope of getting more shadow detail. As it uses C41 processing, it would make no difference to the developing time. I took it out for a nice long walk around the North Norfolk coast including West Runton and Cromer.

I found the camera to be a delight to use, and it’s small enough to be easily pocketable. The frame counter goes round to 50 before starting again at zero, but I got another 5 frames after that. I developed the film as the ninth and final use of my Bellini C41 four-bottle kit. Although the mixed solutions are kept in the fridge in collapsible bottles with all the air bled out, it’s been in there for seven months. This last one seemed OK and the exposed leader came out nice and black, but I think that’s the longest time I can stretch it out.

Anyway, the photos. Plenty of detail in the highlights as expected, although perhaps less detail and more grain in the shadows that I would have preferred. Having said that, some look a bit grainier because they’re cropped.

Railway bridge, East Runton
Railway bridge, East Runton
Wooded path towards West Runton
Wooded path towards West Runton
Groyne at West Runton beach
Groyne at West Runton beach
WWII pillbox, deposited on the beach by cliff erosion
WWII pillbox, deposited on the beach by cliff erosion
Lobster pots on Cromer beach
Lobster pots on Cromer beach

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About The Author

By Stuart Jenkins
Camera & lens collector, restorer, and tinkerer. As a photographer I'm trying to wean myself off digital and back onto film. IT Business Analyst by trade, and formerly a vintage aircraft engineer / restorer. Norfolk, UK.
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Comments

Ibraar Hussain on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Great stuff and really like the pictures
Thank you!
I really like square format a lot
Satisfying and easier to compose with
I’ve been wondering why there’s no Newer square format 35mm cameras apart from digital such as M4/3 has a square format in the EVF.
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thank you Ibraar. 36 shots from a roll can be too few. 72 can be too many, or at least take ages to get through a roll. 50 shots from a roll is a good compromise. I wish Instagram hadn't moved away from forcing square format, and I still crop all of my uploads to a square before posting them on IG.

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Steviemac on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

These little cameras have long intrigued me, and I very much enjoyed your summary. I confess to being a fan of all things Zeiss Ikon, and I love the underrated Novar lenses. XP 2 is a nice enough film, but it would be interesting to see how this camera dealt with FP4 or Delta 100. I like to think it would be like having miniature medium format Zeiss, and with many more images than the usual 12.
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thank you! I might run some Rollei RPX 25 through it in the summer, and see what the lens is capable of. I even wondered about the roll of Adox CMS 20 II that I've got in the fridge - or would that be taking it too far for a miniature Novar?

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adrian cullen on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thanks for this. I got a working copy of a 1938 Tenax I recently and experienced the same issue of the winding getting stiffer as the film progressed. I had a number of Agfa (dated 1948) reloadable cassettes which seemed to differ from the usual cassette by having a dimpled end that fitted perfectly onto the lug on the bottom plate of the base. This sorted the issue but obviously at the expense of having to load film onto these Agfa cassettes. My lens is pretty clear but I've yet to summon the courage to dismantle. The Novar is amazingly sharp for a simple uncoated triplet.
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adrian cullen replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

I realise my camera came with a Contax take up spool. So I'm using Contax/Agfa spools both on the film cassette and take up spool to make advance as smooth as possible. The advance lever on my copy returns to its resting position a little slowly even when there's no film loaded. It's a bit slower still with film loaded.

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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thanks Adrian - not just me then! Any suitably-sized plastic tube will serve as a spacer, it doesn't have to be a 3D-printed part.

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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Might be worth stripping it for a service then. It's not a particularly complex mechanism, but it will only work well if it's clean and slightly lubricated.

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JC on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Very fine blackandwhite pictures with this lovely Tenax !
I should try my Contina, which has a Novicar- Anastigmat lens too.
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thank you JC!

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Geoff Radnor on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Many years ago I had a Tenax 1. It was a better model than this one. It had a Tessar lens and a better viewfinder. Pity I haven't got it today.
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Graeme Tregay on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

I acquired a couple of the essentially identical Taxona version of this camera, one with a Tessar lens and the other with the three-element Novar. Stopped down a bit both are sharp and they are among my favourite veteran cameras. The wind-on problem you describe frustrated me and as someone whose ability for camera-fettling would be measured in negative territory I never really satisfactorily solved the problem so thank you for the pointer. If you want to manufacture a couple of extra spacers I’d be a ready customer.

I think your choices of XP2 was a good one and I usually rate this at either 200 or 100 iso and then develop in standard b&w chemicals with good results.
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Cheers Graeme, and I'm looking forward to trying it with a low-ISO film.

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blanko on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

I think the Minolta 24 Rapid actually is the best pick if you want 135 film square frames. It's not super expensive, has a Tessar-type lens, supports full manual exposure (or your pick from shutter/aperture priority and even program exposure I think, if you have the correct battery), and is one of the few 24x24 cameras with a rangefinder. There's also the Robot Royal 24 but good luck finding one that doesn't cost you a kidney.
Another option would be the Agfa Isomat Rapid which is quite the upgrade over the Iso-Rapid cameras as it has an actual triplet lens and selenium exposure.
The earlier Robot cameras are nice, super dense and well-made plus coming with a 40/1.9 Xenon double Gauss lens if you're lucky, but there's also a chance they'll require a service. I've got two, the first one I actually managed to service myself, but with a film inside it still only advances one or two frames until the spring needs to be tensioned again. The second one has a noticeably stiffer spring so maybe it was replaced or upgraded.
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

I might try the Minolta. They're not super-expensive and it should be easy enough to fit a schottky diode so it can use a modern battery.

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Scott Klein on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

I’ve got a Taxona with the same stiffness problem. Can you give some specs on the spacer or maybe share the file you made to 3-d print?
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Hi Scott, I'm happy to email the .stl file to you, and I'll reply again with the dimensions once I've had chance to measure it.

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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Outside diameter 18mm, so it fits inside the rim of the cassette. Inside diameter 14mm, so the cassette spool fits inside it. Height 7.5mm.

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Scott Klein replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thanks much. Sorry to have missed that you responded. Will put my email address in this post. If you don’t see that I’m kleinmatic on insta (and gmail!)

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Paul Quellin on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thoroughly enjoyable article Stuart and what a lovely looking camera. Having just finished a film through a Kodak of the same vintage, I can completely understand your comments about being a delight to use. The pictures look timeless with little in them to date them. I felt they looked somehow like the printing in one of those old 'Lovely Britain' 1920s and 1930s books I used to have a couple of. Great work on the modifications and that might have just helped me with a minor film carriage issue I am having with a 1950s roll film camera (maybe the spools were subtly different then. Thank you.
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thank you Paul, much appreciated.

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David Hume on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thanks for this; My very first camera was an Agfa Rapid and I've always liked the square format. I made a quick and dirty conversion to a little point-and-shoot by glueing flags into the film frame of it, so it shot square but still only 36 frames on a roll. https://www.35mmc.com/16/01/2021/5-frames-with-ilford-hp5-400-in-a-canon-snappy-lx-ii-by-david-hume/ (Why bother you may ask...) I've also thought of getting an A24 back for the Blad to mimic 127 (which is a format I like) But I thought why not use a normal back. Anyway XP2 is also interesting. I've never liked the grain structure of it but have not shot it for a long time. I find that in your skies in this set it is a bit unpleasantly lumpy (no disrespect to your shots BTW) but of course you can't tell much from a 1920px on WordPress. Anyway, thanks a gain for an interesting read and impressive results!
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 17/02/2024

Thanks David. I've got a paused (possibly abandoned) project to do landscape-format 24x54mm panoramic 35mm film in a Hasselblad back. The intention was to be able to use Adox CMS 20 II in the 'blad, after it had become unavailable in 120 size. Since then I've learned that the only reason for it being out of stock was that Adox are in the process of rebuilding their 120 spooling machine. Once that's done, there won't be any need for it.

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Gary Smith on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 18/02/2024

I thought I had read this earlier but I got distracted by your mention of the Diana Mini. I had to look it up as I'm waiting for a book to arrive entitled "Diana & Nikon: Essays on the Aesthetic of Photography" by Janet Malcolm.

I may need to shoot some XP 2.

I always feel like 36 are too many (since I no longer do my own processing). I remember when you could get rolls with 12 (or when I could decide to not shoot the last 24 shots and develop immediately). Film's too expensive to do that these days.
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 18/02/2024

You might get on well with Rapid film cassettes then Gary. You can fill two of them with 12 or so 24x36mm exposures from a normal (36 exposure) 35mm film. There are some great cameras for the Rapid system, in half-, square-, and full-frame. I've got a pre-war Agfa Karat 3.5 and it's lovely.

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Alexander Seidler on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 19/02/2024

Very good results stuart !
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 19/02/2024

Thanks Alexander!

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Alasdair Mackintosh on 5 (square) frames with a Zeiss Ikon Tenax I and Ilford XP2 Super

Comment posted: 28/02/2024

I think you worked a lot harder for your five frames than most of us do ;-) Great to see an old camera like this brought back to life, and taking great pictures!
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Stuart Jenkins replied:

Comment posted: 28/02/2024

Thank you Alasdair!

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