Rodinal tests, temperature, grain and contrast

Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

By Geoff Chaplin

Rodinal is a high acutance (sharpness) developer. High acutance means grain as well as the image is more clearly defined. So if I develop at different temperatures either the grain should be no more of less apparent or surely the acutance will change along with the grain? I usually develop semi-stand in Rodinal at 100:1 for one hour generally at 17-19 degC, with two inversions at half-time, when it acts as a compensating developer (heavily exposed areas run out of developer so development stops automatically) restraining contrast. It is often said that Rodinal is insensitive to temperature at this dilution, and the same is said about other compensating processes such as divided development. I certainly do not notice any significant difference over the range of temperatures I normally use.

I decided to test to what extent these thoughts are true. I photographed my front door in contrasty light on two Leica M3 bodies with Zeiss 50mm lenses at f8 each loaded with Adox CHS 100 II. One film was developed at 15degC the other at 25degC (both one hour semi-stand at 100:1). Negatives were digitally scanned on my A7rii with a 105mm macro lens.

The results are shown with enlargements of one section to show the grain more clearly. The featured image developed at 15degC has good contrast with detail visible in both dark and highlight areas.

The virtually identical image developed at 25degC has much higher contrast with blown out highlights and buried lowlights. On comparing the negatives and the film around the sprocket holes the fog level has risen dramatically from virtually nil to sufficiently high to mask information in lowlight areas.

Rodinal tests, temperature, grain and contrast
Same image, 25degC development

The enlargements from both frames shows grain whose visibility varies with exposure level but looking at similar exposure level areas (door on 15degC and upper floor tiles on 25degC frames) there is no obvious difference in the grain with temperature.

Rodinal tests, temperature, grain and contrast
Enlargement, 15degC development
Rodinal tests, temperature, grain and contrast
Enlargement, 25degC development

Moral of the story

Unsurprisingly increasing the temperature makes the chemistry more active (given the same development time) with the consequence that contrast increases and there is loss of image in the high and lowlights. Grain and acutance seem unaffected. The recommended temperature for development is 20degC but I see no reason to go as low as 16degC for stand development. Use a development above 20degC at your own risk.

Now, like you, I’m completely fed up of looking at my front door (more to come I’m afraid, but later) so here’s a picture of a fenced off bicycle but beware of falling snow and ice (sign).

Rodinal tests, temperature, grain and contrast
Beware, falling snow and ice (15degC development)

 

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About The Author

By Geoff Chaplin
Primarily a user of Leica film cameras and 8x10 for the past 30 years, recently a mix of film and digital. Interests are concept and series based art work. Professionally trained in astronomical photography, a scientist and mathematician.
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Comments

Jeffery Luhn on Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

Comment posted: 19/07/2024

Geoff,
Thank you for that clear and concise comparison. I use Rodinal for medium and large (4x5) film because the grain is not a factor. HC 110 or D-76 and occasionally D-23 for 35mm. I have never tried 1:100 Rodinal. I just began using 1:50 for my 12-sheet Yankee 4x5 processing tank. It requires 64oz, so the savings is substantial over 1:25.
My question: Do you see any drawbacks to semi-stand development at 1:100, other than long times? My current semi-stand development is mild agitation for 10sec every 2 1/2 min. 70 degrees F. Thanks, Jeffery
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Jacy replied:

Comment posted: 19/07/2024

Hi Jeffery, I find that bromide drag becomes an issue with semi-stand development at 1:100 Rodinal at 20C. I moved from a one agitation at a half hour to a quick stir every ten minutes. While that increases the work, it has eliminated the bromide drag issue and still produces very nice 35mm negatives while not being too onerous.

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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 19/07/2024

Thanks Jeffrey. So long dev time for me is an advantage; get started, go and bake some bread or go for a jog, give the tank a turn, prepare lunch, come back and wash, fix, clear and hang to dry - takes less time. I hear of one photographer who developed ulf film in the bathtub, Rodinal 1000:1 overnight. I find few disadvantages at 100:1 with 35mm and 6x6. Tray development of LF film is a faff anyway so nowadays I'd use a two bath compensating Dev or good old cookbook d76.

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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 19/07/2024

Thanks Jacky, interesting. The film I used in the test has a clear acetate base but in the 25deg test the sprocket areas are heavily fogged while below 20deg they seem to stay completely clear.

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Andrew L on Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

Comment posted: 19/07/2024

Thanks for the interesting comparison! I've used all sorts of Rodinal combinations, but usually stick to around 1:50 with the films I like to use with Rodinal (Fomapan 100, HP5 +, etc.) and around 20 c. I've developed at slightly higher temps, like 21-22 c, which are okay, certainly not as dramatic as your 25c example. However, I kind of like the results you got at 25 c, for a somewhat akin to Moriyama-esque, are bure boke look. I might try that for the aesthetic sometimes. Maybe even while using constant agitation in my Lab-Box. That could be interesting.
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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 19/07/2024

Thanks Andrew. Your tastes and mine are at opposite ends - which is good. I look forward to seing your results!

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Doug Anderson on Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

Comment posted: 21/07/2024

Thank you for posting. An interesting comparison. The 25ºC image is clearly clipped at both the high and the low end. You didn't describe your process so I assume the negatives were scanned directly rather than darkroom printed and scanned from the prints. And if so, the clipping more than likely happened in scanning. It would be interesting to see the results for both temperatures of scans that capture the complete width of the histogram. (The 25ºC histogram would be significantly wider than the 15ºC.) Then, with the output black and white points set to 0% and 100% in each case, I would expect the images to look much more alike than shown here. Film is very forgiving.
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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 21/07/2024

Thanks Doug. Of course you are right. In the day I'd split grade print to capture high range negs on paper. Another example where film is so much more capable than digital is ultra fine grain film capturing hundreds of gigabytes of data - how could you scan that? For most film users nowadays it's the hybrid process that matters. That will only change for the small percentage of dedicated film users. So the conclusions stand for most users.

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Ibraar Hussain on Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

Comment posted: 21/07/2024

Thank you Geoff
I’m too cautious to even start experimenting
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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 21/07/2024

"Faint heart never won fair lady". Evidence suggests you are not 'too cautious'. Experimenting is fun!

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Jeffery Luhn on Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

Comment posted: 22/07/2024

Ahhh. A fine quote from a great queen! (Who thought of herself as a 'fair maiden?'

Now another quote by Sam Elliott, the grizzly American actor who has been married to Kathleen Ross forever:
"Why go trolling when I have exactly what I want at home?"

I usually revert back to my tried and true processes like Rodinal 1:25 or 1:50 at 70f. Or the gold standards of HC 110 and D-76.... but you peaked my curiousity, so I will try 1:100.
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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 22/07/2024

Thanks Jeffrey. What you're used to and know works has lots of advantages. The main point of the post is temperature meters. I'm very happy with results from cool Rodinal (below 20C), and will avoid higher temperatures.

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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 22/07/2024

Matter not meters. Damned auto-screwup.

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Tony Warren on Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

Comment posted: 22/07/2024

Very useful information here and even if your own needs are different it is useful to have this sort of knowledge to draw on.

When I first started to use a camera in the 1950's my films were taken to the local chemist for developing and printing. I discovered that some places left films in dilute developer over night! Really taking stand to the extreme. It seemed to work though and, given the very variable abilities they had to cater for, it no doubt cured many ills along the way.
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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 22/07/2024

Interesting! Thanks Tony.

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James Billings on Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

Comment posted: 26/07/2024

Interesting comparison. I've yet to try stand development but really should - Since I started developing my own black and white, I've been exclusively using Rodinal simply because it's easy to mix and lasts forever. I don't mind a bit of contrast and grain. But it's warming up at home, and the other day I had some Fomapan 200 to get done. My temps were warm enough that the adjustment suggested I needed just 3m17 instead of 5 minutes at a 1+25 mix! I ended up tipping it out at 4 minutes - the results are fine, but I was rather nervous.
I can't easily adjust temperature with my current process as I use cartons of de-ionised water from my nearby Asda - our tap water is one of the hardest in the country and I don't want my negs getting caked in drying marks!
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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 26/07/2024

Thanks James. I use deionised water too if I'm in Brussels - very hard water. Long stand development takes the least amount of my time - make some bread or go for a jog while your waiting. Results are great too. At high temperatures the only problem is the scanner may not be able to capture the range of the negative, but it will all still be there.

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David James on Rodinal Tests – Temperature, Grain and Contrast

Comment posted: 26/07/2024

Interesting experiment Geoff. I'm just returning to home processing after many years, and have today taken delivery of a bottle of RO9 One Shot, which is identical to Rodinal. I've been avidly watching a series of videos by a chap named John Finch, who has a YouTube channel called Pictorial Planet. He went into great detail of the merits of different dilutions of Rodinal, and stand/semi stand etc using FP4. I'm champing at the bit now to give it a try at 1:100.
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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 26/07/2024

Thanks David. Bear in mind R09 performs very similarly to Rodinal/Adonal but is a slightly different formulation - the main difference is R09 does not last forever. There is an expiry date on the bottle and it means it. Otherwise it seems to perform just as well. Good luck!

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David James replied:

Comment posted: 26/07/2024

Now you have me worried Geoff! The supplier says that Compard R09 is the same as Rodinal, and for the life of me I cannot find an expiry date anywhere on the bottle. I'll check with them - The Imaging Warehouse. But thanks for the warning.

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Geoff Chaplin replied:

Comment posted: 26/07/2024

The only R09 I was familiar with was Fomadon R09 which certainly had an expiry date but a quick internet search shows the name has now proliferated with Agfa (the original manufacturer) now producing R09. So I don't know is the answer - if there is no expiry date given then it is original Rodinal I surmise.

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David James replied:

Comment posted: 26/07/2024

Thanks Geoff. Listed potentially hazardous ingredients are 4-aminophenol and potassium hydroxide. No mention of sodium sulphite. I will see if the supplier has any more info.

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David James replied:

Comment posted: 26/07/2024

Update: I found the data sheet on the supplier's website, which says that it should keep for at least 6 months in a sealed bottle, but also states that it is identical to Rodinal. So hedging their bets, I guess. Thanks for your feedback.

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